Ouro Preto is a reminder of the importance of gold and precious stones on Brazil's history and development.  From the 18th century on, the mines around Ouro Preto overflowed with gold and gems.  The town was even capital of Minas Gerais from 1823 to 1897 under its former name of Vila Rica ( 'Wealthy Village' ). 

Fortunately, Ouro Preto has managed to preserve its 18th-century architecture and appearance.  The town is considered a national landmark and was even declared a world monument by the UNESCO in 1980.  Its narrow, cobblestone streets are a legacy of Brazil's colonial past.  The town also possesses more than 23 churches built in the baroque style that dominated the period.  Some are magnificently adorned with gold, a mineral that was more than abundant in Ouro Preto. 

The Inconfidência Museum brings to life the fight for Brazilian independence including the story of Tiradentes, Brazil's martyr for liberty.  He was executed by the Potuguese in 1789, but his dream finally became reality in 1822 when Brazil gained its independence from Portugal.  

Near Ouro Preto are other historic towns like Mariana.  Congonhas, São João Del Rey and Sabará. The latter town still bears the traces of the colonial period when ships laden with gold and precious stones left Brazil daily for Portugal.